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In recent times there has been an increase in the number of bed bug infestations. Bed bugs are common all around the world and have been found in Australia in small numbers. Recently they've become widespread with infestations increasing substantially in Victoria, and areas of the Earth, within the last ten decades. .
The main reason behind the increase is supposed to be caused by insecticide resistance; modern bed bugs are exceptionally resilient to many of those commonly used insecticides. Other contributing factors include the increase in world travel with bed bugs being spread in bags, shoes and clothing. Once acquired at turnover accommodation, the hitchhiking bed bugs could then be transported and brought back to the houses of guests in their luggage.
Many hostels worldwide have now banned the use of travelers own sleeping linen in common accommodation as a safety precaution against this pest.
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In ancient infestations, bed bugs are found around the seams, beading and folds of mattresses, sleeping bags and sheets. Since the infestation spreads, the bugs move to any tiny crevices, which might be in bed heads, skirting boards, cracks in plaster and bedroom furniture. Because of their colour, adult bed bugs can easily be seen with the naked eye on sheets and bedding, but very difficult to see on brown wooden floors and other black surfaces.
Heavily used hiding areas are evident from black or brown spots of dried blood excrement or spotting. There might also be an offensive candy sticky odour when bed bugs are numerous. This odour sometimes described as buggy is similar to the odour when a stink bug is squashed. White eggs, the egg cases and moulted skin cubes may be found near such places, as well as living bed bugs. .
Bed bugs use pheromones to communicate. This system of communication and the release of alarm pheromones can make them quite difficult to deal with as bed bugs become alert and fast vacate the region being treated if not previously properly quarantined.
Bed bugs can also spread into a new residence by traveling between multi-unit housing such as dormitories and apartment buildings. Once they find a host, bed bugs will feed and therefore are likely to haven in near proximity to the sufferer. In cases like this, new locations can quickly become infested with bed bugs in a brief amount of time. .
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Different people have varying reactions to the bites of bed bugs, depending on a number of factors. Some people have little or no reaction to the sting. In others the bite site can become red and intensely itchy. This can occur during the course of the night or might take around 9-14 days to develop.
The wheals may range from 2 cm to 5 cm in width with inflammation common. Anaphylactic shock could happen in individuals which are allergic, although this is rare. .
Discomfort and loss of sleep is common in the psychological ramifications of bed bugs. Bites may be found on many different areas on the body. Another characteristic is that the bites are occasionally in orderly rows, unlike the random pattern of mosquitoes. The bed insect causes these rows being disturbed during feeding and having to pierce the skin to feed again.
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Bed bugs mainly feed on humans but will also feed on mammals and poultry if necessary. Although they can carry diseases like hepatitis they are not known to transfer such diseases to individuals.
Bed bugs are particularly problematic to treat, together with absolute eradication unlikely to be accomplished with a single treatment. Sprays will kill the bed bugs however, they are mostly ineffective on the eggs. Follow up inspections are constantly required and look at these guys further treatments are often necessary.
The survival of bed bug eggs is an issue. It's not uncommon for the reside bed bugs amongst an infestation to be wholly eradicated during an effective treatment cycle, only to have the remaining or surviving eggs hatch and populate the location once again. The eggs can also have an incubation period of up to fourteen days and could be deposited in hidden areas that are difficult to treat. .
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This stubborn tendency of bed bug infestations are made more problematic due to the now smaller dimensions of the newly re-emerged bed bug nymph. Once an infestation is detected, all adjoining chambers need to be inspected and treated if also influenced.
This can be completed by the use of adhesive tape (if insect numbers are extremely small) to trap the insect. Vacuuming can also be recommended before substance treatment because it removes all dust and debris from the site of this infestation making it easier for following chemical control to penetrate and in turn be effective.